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Thematic Collection

Body Parts in English: Names, Transcription, and Pronunciation

Knowing body parts in English is one of the most practical vocabulary sets for travelers, students, and anyone who wants to communicate clearly about health. This list covers the whole body: from the head and face to internal organs and toes.

What you will find on this page:

  • Complete word list — 58 body parts with transcription, translation, and audio pronunciation
  • Phrases for describing pain — how to tell a doctor what hurts and where
  • Patient–doctor dialogue — a real conversation describing symptoms
  • Common mistakes — why the Russian word «нога» is not always «foot» and other traps
  • FAQ — answers to the most popular questions about body parts in English

Word list to learn

head
[hed]
hair
[heər]
forehead
[ˈfɔːhed]
face
[feɪs]
eye
[aɪ]
eyebrow
[ˈaɪbraʊ]
eyelid
[ˈaɪlɪd]
eyelash
[ˈaɪlæʃ]
ear
[ɪər]
nose
[nəʊz]
nostril
[ˈnɒstrəl]
cheek
[tʃiːk]
jaw
[dʒɔː]
mouth
[maʊθ]
lip
[lɪp]
tongue
[tʌŋ]
tooth
[tuːθ]
chin
[tʃɪn]
temple
[ˈtempl]
neck
[nek]
throat
[θrəʊt]
shoulder
[ˈʃəʊldər]
arm
[ɑːm]
elbow
[ˈelbəʊ]
wrist
[rɪst]
hand
[hænd]
finger
[ˈfɪŋɡər]
thumb
[θʌm]
nail
[neɪl]
armpit
[ˈɑːmpɪt]
chest
[tʃest]
back
[bæk]
lower back
[ˈləʊər bæk]
spine
[spaɪn]
waist
[weɪst]
stomach
[ˈstʌmək]
navel
[ˈneɪvəl]
hip
[hɪp]
pelvis
[ˈpelvɪs]
leg
[leɡ]
thigh
[θaɪ]
knee
[niː]
shin
[ʃɪn]
calf
[kɑːf]
ankle
[ˈæŋkl]
foot
[fʊt]
heel
[hiːl]
toe
[təʊ]
skin
[skɪn]
bone
[bəʊn]
rib
[rɪb]
skull
[skʌl]
muscle
[ˈmʌsl]
tendon
[ˈtendən]
joint
[dʒɔɪnt]
brain
[breɪn]
heart
[hɑːt]
lungs
[lʌŋz]
liver
[ˈlɪvər]
kidney
[ˈkɪdni]

Useful phrases

Click the icon to hear the pronunciation

My arm hurts.
I have a pain in my chest.
My knee is swollen.
I broke my leg.
My back is sore.
I have a sore throat.
My shoulder is stiff.
I sprained my ankle.
I have a headache.
My wrist feels weak.
I have a toothache.
My neck is stiff.
I have pain in my lower back.
Can you point to where it hurts?

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Dialogue: Doctor's Visit — Describing Pain

Click the speaker icon to hear the full dialogue

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Patient
Good morning, doctor. I have been having pain in my lower back for three days.
Doctor
I see. Can you show me exactly where it hurts? Is it on the left side, the right side, or in the middle?
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Patient
It is more on the right side. The pain starts in my lower back and goes down to my hip.
Doctor
Is the pain sharp or dull? Does it get worse when you move?
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Patient
It is a dull ache most of the time. But when I bend forward, it becomes sharp.
Doctor
Do you have any pain in your legs, or do your feet feel numb?
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Patient
Yes, sometimes my right leg goes numb — especially in the calf.
Doctor
I will need to examine your spine and check your reflexes. Please lie down on the table.
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Patient
Of course. Should I be worried? Is it something serious?
Doctor
It looks like a muscle strain or nerve irritation. Let's start with stretching exercises and check again in a week.
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Common mistakes

Avoid these common mistakes

Wrong I have pain at my back
Correct I have pain in my back

The preposition 'at' is used for external points (at the door, at the corner). For pain inside or within a body area, use 'in': pain in my back, pain in my chest, pain in my knee.

Wrong My foot hurts (имея в виду всю ногу)
Correct My leg hurts

In English, 'foot' means only the foot (from ankle to toes). The whole limb is 'leg'. The Russian word «нога» covers both meanings, which causes this common error. Remember: foot = ступня, leg = вся нога.

Wrong My arm is paining
Correct My arm hurts / My arm is in pain

The verb 'to pain' is not used in modern everyday English to mean «болеть». Correct forms are: My arm hurts (most common), I have pain in my arm, My arm aches (for a dull persistent pain).

Wrong I have pain on my stomach
Correct I have pain in my stomach

'On' indicates a surface (on the skin, on my hand). 'In' indicates internal sensations: pain in my stomach, pain in my chest. Exception: 'pain on my shoulder' can mean surface-level pain on the shoulder.

About This List

Which body parts in English are needed most often

When talking to a doctor, at a pharmacy, or describing an injury, the first thing you need is to name the body part and explain where it hurts. This list covers all the key words: from simple ones (head, arm, leg) to specific ones (lower back, calf, tendon) that are genuinely useful.

Typical situations where body part vocabulary is needed

  • Doctor visits: My knee is swollen. I have pain in my lower back.
  • Injuries: I sprained my ankle. I broke my wrist.
  • Symptoms: I have a sore throat. My shoulder is stiff.
  • Describing location: It starts here, in the hip, and goes down to the calf.

The difference between arm, hand, leg, and foot

This is the most common confusion area. English divides limbs into specific segments:
- arm — from shoulder to wrist
- hand — from wrist to fingertips
- leg — from hip to ankle
- foot — from ankle to toe tips

How to describe pain in English

To explain a symptom precisely:
- sharp pain — acute, stabbing pain
- dull ache — persistent, low-intensity pain
- throbbing pain — pulsating pain
- stiffness — limited movement or tightness
- swelling — inflammation
- numbness — loss of sensation

Who this list is for

This list is especially useful for anyone preparing for travel abroad, studying medical English, or wanting to confidently describe symptoms to a doctor. All words can be practiced with the built-in trainer on this page.

Frequently Asked Questions

The word 'knee' is pronounced [niː] — the letter 'k' is silent. This is a common exception in English, like 'know', 'knight', and 'knob'. The rule is: the 'kn' combination at the start of a word is always pronounced as [n].

'Arm' refers to the whole upper limb from the shoulder to the wrist. 'Hand' is only the part from the wrist to the fingertips. Many learners confuse these because some languages use a single word for both. Example: I broke my arm (forearm fracture), I burned my hand (burn on the palm or fingers).

'Lower back' is the standard, most commonly used term. In medical contexts, you may also hear 'lumbar region' or 'lumbar spine'. Lower back pain is one of the most common medical complaints. Example: I have lower back pain after sitting all day.

Use the structure: 'I have [type of pain] in my [body part]'. Types of pain: sharp pain, dull ache, throbbing pain, burning pain, stabbing pain. Example: I have a sharp pain in my lower back when I bend forward.

'Limbs' refers to the arms and legs together. 'Upper limbs' means arms, 'lower limbs' means legs. This term appears frequently in medical texts and when describing injuries, surgeries, or physical examinations.

Connect each word to a physical sensation: touch your knee and say 'knee', touch your elbow and say 'elbow'. Then use the flashcard trainer on this page to review. With spaced repetition, you can remember 50 words in 2–3 days of active practice.